Annals of the Institute of Biology - University of Sarajevo (AIBUS) is the oldest biological journal in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first issue of AIBUS was published in 1948 and it continued to come out until 1990. Today, all issues of AIBUS are available in digitized form on the website of the Faculty of Science ON LINK. The Faculty of Science as a legal successor of the Institute of Biology of the University of Sarajevo decided to start again publication of AIBUS in the form of a peer-reviewed e-journal. This journal will publish reviews, research papers and communications in all areas of biology and at the interface of related disciplines. It is organized into volumes and issues.
University of Sarajevo - Faculty of Science
Ecological Status Assessment of the Upper Una River: Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Perspectives
The aim of this study was to assess the ecological status of the upper course of the Una River at eight sampling locations, four of which are situated within the protected area of Una National Park and four downstream, beyond the tourist and urban zones of the City of Bihać. The sampling sites were selected according to the “post-pollution input” principle, aiming to identify which of the selected locations contribute most to the river’s pollution. Physico-chemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, permanganate index, BOD₅, TOC, ammonia, nitrates, total nitrogen, orthophosphates, and total phosphorus) were analyzed following Bosnia and Herzegovina’s water legislation, alongside microbiological assessment. The results indicated that most physico-chemical parameters correspond to a high ecological status, with slight local fluctuations in BOD₅ and TOC values classifying the river as having a good ecological status, and ammonia indicating a moderate status. Microbiological analysis revealed spatial heterogeneity in the concentrations of total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis, which were detected in urban and tourist-influenced zones. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed no significant differences (p ˃ 0.05) between locations inside and outside the protected area, whereas PCA analysis distinguished sites based on their chemical and microbiological composition and their contribution to pollution. The findings confirmed that local anthropogenic impacts mainly result from fecal contamination. Comparison with data from other rivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Europe suggests that the Una River still maintains favorable ecological conditions, although continuous monitoring remains crucial for preserving water quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Subha Avdic, Vildana Alibabić, Jasmina Ibrahimpašić, Aida Džaferović, Minela Ćejvan, Dino Burzić (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application of Biological Keys in Education: Methodological Frameworks and Case Studies
This paper explores the application of simple biological keys in education, aimed at enhancing students' ability to identify plant species and understand basic botanical principles. The research was conducted in schools, where students used biological keys to identify various plant species through practical tasks. The results showed that the use of these keys significantly improved students' ability to correctly identify plants, while also fostering skills in critical thinking, analysis, and collaboration. Group work and hands-on experience enabled students to actively engage in the learning process, leading to better outcomes. Although the results were positive, the research also highlights the need for further development of botanical skills, as some students faced difficulties in accurate plant identification. This paper concludes that biological keys, with appropriate didactic support, can significantly improve botanical education and recommends their broader implementation in schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aiša Cazinkić, Mahir Gajević (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Interactive Biology Teaching on Learning Outcomes in Primary Schools: A Mixed-Methods Study
This study examines the impact of interactive teaching methods in biology on students’ learning outcomes in primary schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Drawing on constructivist, socio-cognitive, and self-determination theories, the research explores how interactive approaches—such as group work, laboratory exercises, and educational games—affect student engagement, motivation, classroom atmosphere, and satisfaction with academic achievement. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining quantitative data from a structured questionnaire (N = 102 students, grades 6 and 8) with qualitative insights from open-ended responses. Statistical analyses (chi-square, Pearson correlations, regression, and ANOVA) revealed that interactive methods significantly enhance both cognitive and social skills. Group work showed a strong correlation with the development of social competences (r = 0.866, p < 0.01), while laboratory exercises were the strongest predictor of a positive classroom atmosphere (β = 0.390, p < 0.01). Students who preferred interactive teaching reported higher levels of engagement, deeper understanding of content, and greater satisfaction with their grades compared to those exposed primarily to traditional methods. Qualitative findings further highlighted that students perceive interactive lessons as more enjoyable, motivating, and conducive to collaboration, although challenges such as limited resources and insufficient time were noted. The study confirms all four hypotheses: (1) student engagement is significantly related to the preferred teaching model; (2) interactive teaching positively influences cognitive and social skills; (3) higher engagement is associated with a more positive classroom atmosphere; and (4) students who prefer interactive teaching report greater satisfaction with their learning outcomes. These findings align with international research on active learning in STEM education and underscore the need for systemic support in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including teacher training and investment in laboratory and digital resources. The study concludes that interactive teaching is not merely a pedagogical innovation but a necessity for preparing students for the demands of the 21st century.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muamera Dautbašić, Mahir Gajević (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Biology Students' Attitudes and Perceptions of the Online Learning Process During the COVID-19 Isolation Period
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted higher education, necessitating a rapid shift to online learning. This study examines the attitudes and perceptions of biology students at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Sarajevo, regarding online education during the pandemic. A survey was conducted among third- and fourth-year undergraduate students and master's students to assess their experiences with digital learning platforms, professor-student interaction, assessment methods, and the impact on their well-being. Results indicate that while students acknowledged the necessity of online education, the majority expressed a preference for traditional, face-to-face learning. Online learning was perceived as less effective, particularly in terms of engagement, interaction, and knowledge assessment reliability. A significant portion of students reported increased stress levels due to excessive screen time, technical difficulties, and the lack of direct communication. Furthermore, many students felt inadequately prepared for professional work due to the absence of practical, hands-on experience. Despite these challenges, the study highlights the role of digital platforms in sustaining education during the crisis and the need for further improvement in online teaching methodologies. The findings suggest that a blended learning approach, integrating both digital and in-person elements, could enhance the effectiveness and accessibility of education in the post-pandemic era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lejla Karić, Selma Pilić, Mahir Gajević (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ecological Characteristics of the Melliferous Flora of Počitelj
Melliferous flora consist of plants that bees use as a source of food, collecting nectar, pollen, honeydew from some plants, or materials for propolis. The diversity of honey flora is important for maintaining healthy apiaries, for beekeeping research, and for the production of high-quality and quantitative honey. The aim of this research was to investigate the richness and diversity of honey flora species in Počitelj (FBiH). Floristic research was conducted during the 2024 growing season, from spring to late autumn. 120 honey plants were recorded at the researched locations, classified into 44 families, of which the most numerous are the Lamiaceae family with 17 species and the Fabaceae family with 16 species. Analysis of the life forms of honey flora in the Počitelj area shows the presence of five life forms. The dominance of hemicryptophytes with 37% and phanerophytes with 34% of melliferous species is noticeable, which gives this flora a hemicryptophytic-phanerophytic character. The analysis of floral elements, or phytogeographic analysis of the melliferous flora of Počitelj, shows the presence of 18 floral groups, with the highest representation of cultivated and adventive plant species (CUAD) with 28 species (23%). This paper presents the richness of melliferous plants in the Počitelj area, which, in addition to beekeeping, has a significant impact on the use in medicinal and other traditional purposes, and because of these values, excessive picking and endangerment of individual plants often occur.
Copyright (c) 2025 Danijela Petrović, Helena Brekalo, Marija Banožić, Aldin Boškailo, Antonela Musa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Qualitative Composition and Ecological Characteristics of Epiphytic Algal Assemblages in Bosnia and Herzegovina
The main characteristic of epiphytes is that they are attached algae or microorganisms on the surface of plants that are submerged in water or are present on the surface of the water habitat. In aquatic ecosystems, it has been shown that these forms of cohabitation have a great influence on the surrounding environment since epiphytic algae systems increase the complexity of the habitat and provide larger surface areas for colonization of invertebrates and other smaller organisms. To assess the diversity of epiphytic cyanobacteria and algae, stoneworts (Chara virgata), moss (Fontinalis antipyretica) and several aquatic macrophytes (Calitriche palustris, Ceratophylum demersum, Nuphar lutea, Nymphaea alba, Potamogeton natans and Ranunculus aquatilis) were studied. In the qualitative and quantitative composition of epiphytic cyanobacteria of algae identified from different macroalgae and aquatic macrophytes sampled at selected localities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a total of 46 taxa were found. Identified taxa belong to the following classes: Bacillariophyceae (31 species or 68,89%), Zygnematophyceae (5 species or 11,11%), Chlorophyceae (2 species or 4,44%), Cyanophyceae (2 species or 4,44%), Trebouxiophyceae (2 species or 4,44%), Xanthophyceae (1 species or 2,22%), Dinophyceae (1 species or 2,22%) i Euglenophyceae(1 species or 2,22%). Based on the conducted research it can be concluded that the macroalgae and aquatic macrophyte can serve as a good substrate for colonization with different groups of algae, especially diatoms. In the future, it is necessary to continue this type of research and establish a database of epiphytic algae and use it as a good bioindicator in the monitoring of freshwater ecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alma Zildžić, Amina Pašanbegović, Mahir Gajević, Ermin Mašić (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Biofilm-forming ability and methicillin resistance among Staphylococci isolated from various surfaces in community settings
Biofilm-forming ability and sensitivity to antibiotic methicillin of staphylococci outside the healthcare facilities is not sufficiently explored. The aim of this study was to examine the biofilm-forming capacity of staphylococci on various metal, plastic and leather surfaces in our living and working environment and the association between their biofilm production and methicillin resistance. Detection of methicillin resistance in staphylococci isolates were examined by cefoxitin disc diffusion test. Production of bacterial biofilms was investigated by two phenotypic methods: crystal violet (CV) tube-adherence method and Congo red agar (CRA) plate method. A total of 88 staphylococci isolates, 47 (53.41%) of S. aureus and 41 (46.59 %) of S. epidermidis strains were recovered from 100 collected samples. Among them, 35 methicillin-resistant strains (20 MRSA and 15 MRSE) were detected. Applying the CV tube adherence method, 21 (39.62%) MRSA and MRSE isolates were positive for biofilm production, while using the CRA method 15 (44.12%) MRSA and MRSE strains were detected as biofilm producers. Statistical analysis did not find association between biofilm production ability and methicillin resistance in both applied methods for a significance level of 0.05. The study shows that different objects and surfaces contaminated with biofilm-forming staphylococci, including MRSA and MRSE, may serve as environmental source of infection for long periods of time.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anesa Jerković-Mujkić, Belma Žujo, Renata Bešta-Gajević, Sabina Sućeska Karačić (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Correspondence of hydrobiological and microbiological parameters in the water quality assessment of the middle course of the Misoča River
The water quality of the Misoča River was analyzed on two sites of the middle course, in a populated and in an unpopulated area. The research included sampling of macrozoobenthos and water for microbiological analysis, identification of macrozoobenthos taxa, application of hydrobiological indices for water quality assessment and microbiological analysis of water quality. The goal was to determine the compatibility and complementarities of different aspects of water quality analysis, and to demonstrate the expediency of a multi-aspect and multi-disciplinary approach for this type of research. Through this, an assessment of the water quality of a selected part of the Misoča River, which is very important for the water supply of the surrounding area, was carried out. According to the results of the macrozoobenthos analysis and the applied diversity and water quality indices, the Misoča River belongs to the β-mesosaprobic category, which indicates moderate pollution. The results of the analysis of microbiological parameters also indicate moderate pollution.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aldijana Mušović, Mahir Gajević, Lejla Hubić, Adi Vesnić, Selma Pilić, Senad Šljuka, Renata Bešta-Gajević (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Melisopalynological potential of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Tame chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a woody plant species from the family Fagaceae. Chestnut belongs to the group of honey-bearing plants with a high production of pollen and nectar, and honey is characterized by specific chemical and organoleptic properties and a high content of minerals. Its biogeographical distribution is limited to only three areas on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of the work is to determine the distribution and representation of the pollen of this honey plant in honey samples originating from Bosnia and Herzegovina. For research purposes, 100 honey samples were collected directly from the producer. Based on the micromorphological characteristics of the pollen grains, honey plants, and the exact number of their pollen grains were identified. A total of 4,520 chestnut pollen grains were identified in 40 analyzed melissopalynological profiles of honey. It was concluded, that the specific geographical and ecological distribution of chestnuts in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina directly affects the melissopalynological composition of the samples, as well as the botanical characteristics of the honey.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bakić Velida, Edina Muratović, Sabina Trakić, Samir Đug (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The role of medicinal plants in the treatment of Coronavirus infections
The coronavirus family consists of numerous species that cause respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in vertebrates, but some members such as SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2 are particularly dangerous to humans. So far, SARS-CoV-2 is confirmed in 636.440.663 patients worldwide, and it is responsible for 6.606.624 deaths. Plants possess a number of chemical constituents, which act as inhibitors of viral proteins and can be used in the treatment of viral diseases, with a lower rate of virus resistance. The retrospective investigation covered a period of 27 years, from 1995 to 2022 and it is implemented through the analysis of results from previously reported studies focused on alternative anti-coronavirus agents. The total of 73 plant species from 46 families, with reported anti-coronavirus activity, was noted. Considering the number of species with anti-coronavirus effects, the most prevalent family was Fabaceae with 9.59%. Many bioactive compounds were secondary metabolites, and the vast majority was isolated from leaves. The anti-coronavirus activity of plant products was recorded against six coronaviruses: SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, BCV, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-NL63. Among the mechanisms of antiviral action, the inhibition of 3-chymotrypsin-like protease, 3Clpro was frequently described. This study illustrated the high potential of plants and their products in terms of anti-coronaviral compounds. Since viruses represent molecular pathogens, with high mutations range as well as resistance to synthetic antiviral drugs, a novel investigation should be oriented towards the isolation and characterization of efficient antiviral agents of natural origin.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irma Mahmutović-Dizdarević, Nejra Tucaković, Belma Žujo, Monija Avdić (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Phytotoxicity of Cedrus and Pelargonium essential oils on selected weeds
The inhibitory effects of Cedrus atlantica and Pelargonium graveolens essential oils on seed germination and seedling growth of three weed species were investigated. The oils were applied in three different concentrations (10, 20 and 30 µg/mL) in laboratory conditions, with four replications. Applied oils demonstrate a strong inhibitory effect on Taraxacum officinale in the tested concentrations with a germination inhibition percentage ranging from 50-100%. The tested oils were considerably less effective on Chenopodium album and Daucus carota seeds, suggesting their usage as natural herbicidal products for some weed species.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amina Hadžiemrić, Edina Muratović, Adisa Parić (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A contribution to knowledge of the distribution of the species Seseli tomentosum Vis. in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Species Seseli tomentosum Vis. is an endemic and endangered species. It is an extremely poorly researched species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first recorded information about the appearance of this species in Bosnia and Herzegovina dates from 1967. This paper presents the chronology and spatial distribution of the species Seseli tomentosum Vis. in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Copyright (c) 2022 Aldin Boškailo, Samir Đug, Sabina Trakić, Safija Boškailo, Ermana Lagumdžija, Lejla Šuman, Zineta Mujaković (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Composition and structure of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in watercourses of Donji Vakuf
Zoobenthos are one of the most significant communities in aquatic habitats. Remediation of aquatic ecosystems depends on maintaining a healthy zoobenthos community. The first step in restoring aquatic ecosystems is to understand the hydrology and water quality parameters that influence zoobenthos variation. Based on field sampling of the river zoobenthos in the watercourses of Donji Vakuf, the current study used principal component analysis to identify the key habitat elements affecting zoobenthic communities. Bray-Curtis similarity was used to compare analyzed zoobenthic communities. The findings in this study demonstrate that water temperature, dissolved oxygen, total Phosphourous and total Nitrogen were the main physical and chemical water quality parameters affecting the zoobenthic populations in investegated watercourses. The highest similarity of analyzed macrozoobenthos communities was observed between Semešnica river and Sokolinski stream. All of the approaches described in this work can be used for studies on different communities, such as fish, algae, and zooplankton in aquatic ecosystems. Managers can use the techniques and findings in this report as important references to safeguard and revitalize deteriorated water ecosystems.
physical and chemical parametars of water
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahir Gajević, Merjema Mehtić Raafat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of fish communities from biotic type 6 in Black Sea Basin in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Fish are very sensitive to changes in damming of rivers, fragmentation and destruction of habitats, and changes in physical and chemical parameters. Changes in species diversity are a signal indicating that a significant and, as a rule, long-term change in one or more factors has occurred in the aquatic ecosystem. This in long term could lead to reduction of diversity and significant changes in the structure and dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. Biomonitoring of ichthyofauna is a very important element in the ecological assessment of water quality since changes in the structure of the fish community reflect changes in the quality of water in freshwater systems. The grouping of fish into ecological guilds has greatly improved our understanding of the impact of anthropogenic activities on fish and their communities. Therefore, the fish guilds represent the basis for ecological assessment based on the preferences of each recorded species in relation to tolerance, habitats, nutrition, reproduction and migrations. The results of the analyses of the structure of fish communities at 166 sites in biotic type 6 in the waters from the Black Sea Basin in Bosnia and Herzegovina have shown that the greatest influence on the distribution of different fish species has water temperature, flow, dissolved oxygen, and pH value. Obtained results clearly indicate an inverse relationship between altitude and the level of fish biodiversity. Values of applied diversity indices stress that fish communities in a river system usually follow a pattern of increasing species richness and diversity from upstream to downstream.
Copyright (c) 2025 Samir Đug, Mahir Gajević, Adi Vesnic, Enad Korjenić, Aldijana Mušović, Senad Šljuka, Rifat Škrijelj (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Morphological and ecological characteristics of diatom species Stauroneis neofossilis Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin 1996 (Bacillariophyceae) from Bosnia and Herzegovina
In mine pit lake Bistrik, which is located near Kakanj Municipality, a diatom species from the genus Stauroneis has been recorded and identified. In addition to the analysis of the composition of cyanobacteria and algae, the basic physical and chemical parameters of water were also measured. By comparing the morphometric characteristics of the valve of Stauroneis neofossilis, a similarity with the literature data was determined. The paper also presents LM and SEM micrographs of S. neofossilis and a list of identified species of the genus Stauroneis in Bosnia and Herzegovina. To obtain a more complete picture of morphometric characteristics, distribution and ecology, a detailed investigation of this genus from freshwater habitats in Bosnia and Herzegovina is necessary.
Copyright (c) 2022 Ermin Mašić, Senka Barudanović, Amra Pašanbegović, Alma Zildžić (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Online Education on Biology Students Motivation and Academic Achievement
Online teaching has changed the dynamics of students' work and led to a series of changes concerning student engagement, motivation and academic success. The main goal of this research was to analyze the success of students from the Department of Biology at the Faculty of Science in Sarajevo during online classes compared to traditional classes, and to assess their motivation in online classes. Independent samples t-test, descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis and coding. The impact of online teaching on student success was assessed by comparing the average grades in subjects from the first and second year of study during online and face-to-face teaching. In the academic year 2018/2019, 79 students attended the first year of study, and 66 students attended in 2020/2021. For the second year of study, 74 students attended in the 2018/2019 academic year, while 90 students attended in 2020/2021. From the third and fourth year of study 64 students took part in in the questionnaire to assess motivation. The results showed that online teaching had a positive impact on the academic success of students with a statistically significant difference in the success achieved during online and face-to-face teaching. The research showed that students have a neutral academic motivation and a high degree of cooperation with professors and colleagues, with a significant difference between years of study.
Copyright (c) 2023 Mirnesa Mušanović, Mahir Gajević (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Review on the Antimicrobial Potential of Maidenhair Fern, Adiantum capillus-veneris L.
Adiantum capillus-veneris L. or Maidenhair fern is a perennial fern that belongs to the family Pteridaceae. It is widespread in temperate and tropical regions with high humidity. A. capillus-veneris has a long history of medicinal use, and recent investigations suggest the presence of many bioactive compounds in this plant. This review debates the antimicrobial potential of Adiantum capillus-veneris in a comprehensive manner that includes data about the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity. Data regarding the antimicrobial potential of A. capillus-veneris were collected from scientific databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The largest number of reviewed studies were related to the antibacterial activity of extracts made from A. capillus-veneris plant. Mainly, leaves, stems, roots, and rhizomes were tested, while water, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane were used as solvents. For the testing of antimicrobial susceptibility, standard tests were implemented, such as the disk-diffusion method, agar dilution method, and determination of MIC and MBC values. There are also studies testing the antibiofilm effects of the investigated plant. Our review showed that A. capillus-veneris exhibits large antibacterial potential, with the capacity to inhibit the growth of different bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains. The antifungal and antiviral activity of the investigated plant was also recorded. This review summarized data regarding the antimicrobial potential of A. capillus-veneris and suggests that future phytochemical investigations of ferns may lead to the discovery of new therapeutic agents.
Copyright (c) 2023 Irma Mahmutović-Dizdarević, Belma Žujo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity of Carex acuta L. (Cyperaceae)
Carex acuta leaves were sampled on the edge of the glacial lake Gornje bare (National Park “Sutjeska”, Zelengora mountain, Bosnia and Herzegovina). Two types of samples were taken: plants that grew on moist soil at the time of sampling, designated as CAm, and plants that grew partially submerged at the time of sampling were designated as CAs. Our work aimed to compare the content of photosynthetic pigments, concentration of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids as well as antioxidant capacity between two CAm and CAs samples. Our results showed that the concentration of total chlorophyll and carotenoids were higher in the CAm sample. Higher concentrations of phenolic compounds (28.987± 0.502 mg/g DW) and flavonoids (22.079 ± 1.471 mg/g DW) were measured in CAs samples. The antioxidant capacity measured by the ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) method and phosphomolybdenum method were higher in CAm extract. The abilities to reduce Fe3+ ions and to chelate Fe were higher for CAs samples. Obtained results indicate that the content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity of plants are significantly influenced by environmental conditions even for the same species. The present study provides the first insight into the antioxidant characteristics of C. acuta from the western Balkans.
Copyright (c) 2023 N Kos, Siniša Škondrić, Biljana Kukavica (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Allelopathic Effect of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. and Thymus serpyllum L. Essential Oils on Five Selected Plant Species
In this study allelopathic effects of essential oils from English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum) on seed germination and seedling growth of mint (Mentha spicata), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and black locust seeds (Robinia pseudoacacia) was evaluated. The assessment of the allelopathic effect of essential oils was examined in a laboratory biological test. Working solutions of essential oils were prepared in three concentrations (10, 20 and 30 mg/mL). Both oils exhibited allelopathic effects, however, the concentrations that exhibited suppressing effects were different among the plants. It was noticed that English lavender and creeping thyme oils reduced the germination and growth of mint and black locust seeds and significantly suppressed tomato seed germination at higher concentrations (20 and 30 mg/mL), while it increased the lemon balm seed germination.
Copyright (c) 2024 Maida Đopa , Fatima Pustahija, Nedžad Bašić, Adisa Parić (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Diversity and distribution of genus Amegilla Friese, 1897 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the genus Amegilla Friese, 1897 is represented by four species. The known diversity of species of the genus Amegilla in Bosnia and Herzegovina was compared with current data on the diversity of bees in the Balkan Peninsula and Europe as a whole. Through extensive field research carried out in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the presence of the following Amegilla species was established: Amegilla albigena (Lepeletier, 1841), Amegilla garrula (Rossi, 1790), and Amegilla quadrifasciata (de Villers, 1789). Additionally, the species Amegilla magnilabris (Fedtschenko, 1875) was documented based on specimens stored in the Zoological Collection of the National Museum in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Amegilla species are distributed in the Mediterranean and Pannonian regions. It's significant to mention that the distribution of Amegilla species in Bosnia and Herzegovina appears to be influenced by specific climatic and geographic factors. These species tend to be absent in the Dinaric region characterized by a continental climate, suggesting a preference for other ecological niches. Analyzing the distribution data further reveals the thermophilic nature of Amegilla species, primarily favoring open-type habitats. The research results highlight the significance of certain climatic variables in shaping their habitat suitability. For instance, the variable Bio 9, representing the mean temperature of the quarter with the least rainfall (the driest period), significantly influences the suitability of the habitat for Amegilla albigena (38.0%) and Amegilla quadrifasciata (16.1%). Meanwhile, for Amegilla garrula, the variable Bio 1, representing the mean annual temperature, plays a pivotal role, accounting for 36.2% of its habitat suitability. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the intricate relationships between climatic factors and species distribution, shedding light on the ecological intricacies of Amegilla species in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Copyright (c) 2023 Adi Vesnic, Lejla Smailagić Vesnić (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
New data on the Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank, 1803) from the tributaries of the Bosna River
The crayfish Austropotamobius torrentium is a dominant species of the family Astacidae in the rivers of the Black Sea and Adriatic basins of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Molecular phylogenetic studies in Europe revealed the presence of eight phylogroups. No morphometric and meristic characteristics have been determined that would clearly separate them. The paper presents new data on the morphometric parameters species Austropotamobius torrentium with watercourses Presjenica, Jošanica and Crna Rijeka. This analysis is based on 22 parameters that were measured on 38 crayfish individuals, whose size was larger than 5 cm. Using Anova test, Bonfferoni test and discrimination analysis, it was determined that females differ significantly in a small number of parameters, while males showed greater morphological divergence. The great diversity of habitats of Austropotamobius torrentium in Bosnia and Herzegovina obliges the inclusion of the Dinarides region in molecular phylogenetic studies. This will result in more precise and complete data on Austropotamobius torrentium populations.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sadbera Trožić-Borovac, Amira Nevaljalović (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Review of Bosnia and Herzegovina Medicinal Plants with Promising Antiviral Properties
The study explored the antiviral potential of ethnobotanical plants in Bosnia and Herzegovina, aiming to identify plants with promising antiviral properties and commonly used plant organs and preparations. Three plant families, Lamiaceae, Compositae and Rosaceae showed significant antiviral potential based on the number of species mentioned in the literature. The most studied viruses were herpes simplex virus (HSV), influenza virus (Influenza), and SARS-CoV-2. Tea was the most popular herbal preparation, and aerial parts and leaves were the most frequently used for therapeutic applications. These findings highlight the potential of plants as natural sources of antiviral compounds, paving the way for further research and new therapeutic approaches.
ethnobotany, plants, antiviral potential, viruses, plant parts, herbal preparations, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Copyright (c) 2024 Lamija Tutmić, Adisa Parić, Anesa Jerković-Mujkić, Edina Muratović (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research on Climate Change Knowledge among Students of the Department of Biology
Climate change is a term used to describe changes in overall weather patterns and an increase in global temperatures worldwide. The phenomenon of climate change is one of the biggest problems facing the majority of the world's population. Today, the popularization of this topic is more and more expressed in non-scientific circles (media), which requires a multidimensional approach in measuring knowledge about the mentioned topic at the academic level. This research gives us an insight into the knowledge of the students of the Department of Biology at the Faculty of Science in Sarajevo about the causes, consequences, and measures to mitigate the negative effects of climate change. In the academic year 2022/2023, a total of 45 respondents filled out the survey, which for practical reasons was divided into six cognitive levels. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. The research showed that biology students are familiar with the basic processes associated with climate change (especially younger students). Also, the respondents are aware of the consequences of climate change and can relate them to the causes. As for mitigation knowledge, students are familiar with measures to mitigate the consequences of climate change but are uninformed about climate-friendly activities. Multiple regression analysis indicated the existence of a statistically significant difference in the knowledge of the respondents. In our case, students of lower years of study and younger age showed better procedural knowledge than older colleagues. With regards to influence of gender on the respondents' knowledge, women are more familiar with the causes of climate change than men.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lejla Ibrahimi, Mahir Gajević (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reproductive Performance of Male Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) Feeding with Food from Two Different Manufacturers
This study was carried out to compare the growth and development of testicles in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) at the Royal fish and Magazin Maprim fish farms using pellet fish feed of various manufacturers. Two groups with 30 individuals of the same age were examined. The males from the Royal fish farm were fed with Skretting feed while the Magazin Maprim fish farm used Coppens feed. Fish were fed twice a day at 5% body weight basis. Physicochemical parameters of water were within acceptable values for this species. The values of total length and total weight of the males from the Royal fish farm fed with Skretting feed showed a significant statistical difference compared to the males from the Magazin Maprim fish farm fed with Coppens feed. Also, mean weight of the testicles and gonadosomatic index of the males fed with Skretting feed did not show a statistically significant difference compared to the weight of the testicles and gonadosomatic indexof the males fed with Coppens feed. Histological assay of the testicles of rainbow trout subjected to experimental feeds showed a normal cell growth and spermatogenesis in both groups. The results indicate that there are differences in the growth of rainbow trout between the observed groups in favor of Skretting feed manufacturer, which should be taken into account when selecting the feed for a more productive farming.
Copyright (c) 2024 Selma Pilić, Anesa Jerković-Mujkić, Amela Katica, Nadžida Mlaćo, Enad Korjenić, Adi Vesnić, Aldijana Mušović, Mahir Gajević (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Endemic and Endangered Species of the Drina National Park
In the eastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the territory of the Municipality of Srebrenica, in the middle course of the Drina River, lies the Drina National Park. Based on years of field research and existing literature sources, 635 taxa of vascular plants were identified in NP "Drina." Data analysis revealed 55 endemic taxa. Moreover, 43 taxa are included in the preliminary Red List of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 34 taxa are in the preliminary Red List of the Flora of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while 48 taxa are in the Red List of the Republic of Srpska. The IUCN list includes 14 taxa, while 12 are in the CITES list. Particular value is added to NP "Drina" by the presence of Pančić spruce, an endemic, tertiary relict species.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nataša Šušnjević, Slađana Petrović, Nataša Marić (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Contribution to Understanding the Distribution of the Species Campanula austroadriatica D. Lakušić & Kovačić in Bosnia and Herzegovina
The paper offers an overview of the distribution of the endemic species Campanula austroadriatica D. Lakušić & Kovačić in Bosnia and Herzegovina, based on the revision of herbarium specimens from the herbarium of the National Museum in Sarajevo (SARA), literature data, and our own field research. Additionally, a brief morphological description and photographs of the species are provided. The species Campanula austroadriatica D. Lakušić & Kovačić is present in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 23 localities spread over 13 UTM squares, all localities are located within the Mediterranean biogeographical region.
Campanula austroadriatica D. Lakušić & Kovačić
Copyright (c) 2024 Aldin Boškailo, Safija Boškailo, Lejla Smailagić Vesnić, Amela Medar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0